Hunger strikes when the bell rings!!

Have you ever felt hungry when it's time for the lunch break bell to ring at school?

Well, at least my friends and I have had instances where we would wait for the period to get over and anticipate the bell ringing for the lunch break. Even before the bell rings for a lunch break, we would know approximately how much time is left for it to ring and when it will ring. We also start feeling hungry when it's time for the bell to ring. This is because we have been conditioned to this stimulus. Our hunger and salivation are part of our conditioned responses to the conditioned stimuli, the bell. This is called "classical conditioning". Classical conditioning was developed by Ivan Pavlov during the 1890s while he was experimenting with the digestive system of dogs. Classical conditioning is conditioning through associationism, where associations between the conditioned stimuli are formed. 

There is another type of conditioning, which is called "operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning."  It is called so because the organism's behavior is instrumental in producing the outcome.  You might have had instances where your parents ground you for not performing well academically or when you showed inappropriate behavior in the house. This is called negative punishment. In negative punishment, the instrumental responses result in removing a pleasant stimulus; in this, it could be a gaming gadget, a mobile phone, or anything the child likes. Negative punishment results in a decrease in instrumental responding, and hence, it is called punishment.

The stimuli present here are called discriminative stimuli because these are the stimuli that signal whether a particular response leads to a specific outcome. In the example I have mentioned above, the discriminative stimulus is taking away a gadget or something the child likes; the response would be motivation to study so that he or she might receive the stimulus taken away back, and the outcome is good marks. So, above mentioned are a few significant types of conditioning and how they are conditioned using different methods like punishment or reinforcement. 

That's all for this week, guys!!! See y'all next week...👋👋